3D printing technology applied to minimally invasive surgery training
EAES Academy. Sánchez-Varo I. 07/05/22; 366553; P296
Dr. Ignacio Sánchez-Varo
Contributions
Contributions
Abstract
Introduction
Traditional training methods in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) are often based on static learning content and sometimes far from real clinical practice. The MIREIA (Mixed Reality in medical Education based on Interactive Applications) project is an Alliance that aims to combine the use of cutting-edge technology in immersive virtual technology and 3D printing with personalized learning content to promote a student-centered learning process. As part of this project, the objective of this study is to analyze the state of the art of 3D printing technology for its application in MIS training.
Materials and Methods
A structured bibliographical search was conducted in the PubMed database. The applications of 3D printing were organized into two main groups: (1) as a training method in medical and surgical anatomy and (2) as a physical model for training basic surgical skills in a laparoscopic training simulator. From the studies obtained, aspects such as materials, equipment, pre- and post-processing methods, and printing techniques, were analyzed.
Results
A total of 272 articles were considered for this study, of which 95 articles were finally selected. Neurosurgery, otolaryngology and urology were the surgical specialties that have shown the greatest application of 3D printed models for training. The skull was the most popular 3D printed structure for training in neurosurgery and otolaryngology. Other common structures were the head and neck for otolaryngology and the kidneys and urinary system for urology training. The most widely used fabrication technique was Fused Deposition Modeling, followed by ColorJet Printing. Stereolithography was also used in about one in ten articles, mainly because of its higher resolution. Selective Laser Sintering was used in about one in twenty papers, due to its excellent resolution and mechanical properties of the resulting parts. Once the 3D model is obtained from the preoperative imaging study, post-processing is carried out to clean, smooth and adapt the model to the specific application. The most popular software for this purpose were Meshmixer and Materialise 3-Matic (Materialise NV). As for software for 3D printing preparation, the most popular was Ultimaker Cura (Ultimaker B.V.). Of the most commonly used 3D printers, we highlight equipment from Stratasys, 3D Systems, Ultimaker and Formlabs. Regarding the model validation methods used, most of them relied on subjective surveys and objective metrics to establish the similarity of the printed model to the actual anatomy.
Conclusions
This study revealed a variety of techniques and materials used to produce 3D models for MIS training. In general, 3D printed training models can belong to two domains, on the one hand models for anatomical learning (anatomical models), and on the other hand models for practical training (practical models). In order to achieve a suitable training model, two characteristics must be taken into account, on the one hand the fidelity of the model and on the other hand the simulation of the behavior (replication of functional aspects). To create models with both characteristics, a compromise between both characteristics is required.
Traditional training methods in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) are often based on static learning content and sometimes far from real clinical practice. The MIREIA (Mixed Reality in medical Education based on Interactive Applications) project is an Alliance that aims to combine the use of cutting-edge technology in immersive virtual technology and 3D printing with personalized learning content to promote a student-centered learning process. As part of this project, the objective of this study is to analyze the state of the art of 3D printing technology for its application in MIS training.
Materials and Methods
A structured bibliographical search was conducted in the PubMed database. The applications of 3D printing were organized into two main groups: (1) as a training method in medical and surgical anatomy and (2) as a physical model for training basic surgical skills in a laparoscopic training simulator. From the studies obtained, aspects such as materials, equipment, pre- and post-processing methods, and printing techniques, were analyzed.
Results
A total of 272 articles were considered for this study, of which 95 articles were finally selected. Neurosurgery, otolaryngology and urology were the surgical specialties that have shown the greatest application of 3D printed models for training. The skull was the most popular 3D printed structure for training in neurosurgery and otolaryngology. Other common structures were the head and neck for otolaryngology and the kidneys and urinary system for urology training. The most widely used fabrication technique was Fused Deposition Modeling, followed by ColorJet Printing. Stereolithography was also used in about one in ten articles, mainly because of its higher resolution. Selective Laser Sintering was used in about one in twenty papers, due to its excellent resolution and mechanical properties of the resulting parts. Once the 3D model is obtained from the preoperative imaging study, post-processing is carried out to clean, smooth and adapt the model to the specific application. The most popular software for this purpose were Meshmixer and Materialise 3-Matic (Materialise NV). As for software for 3D printing preparation, the most popular was Ultimaker Cura (Ultimaker B.V.). Of the most commonly used 3D printers, we highlight equipment from Stratasys, 3D Systems, Ultimaker and Formlabs. Regarding the model validation methods used, most of them relied on subjective surveys and objective metrics to establish the similarity of the printed model to the actual anatomy.
Conclusions
This study revealed a variety of techniques and materials used to produce 3D models for MIS training. In general, 3D printed training models can belong to two domains, on the one hand models for anatomical learning (anatomical models), and on the other hand models for practical training (practical models). In order to achieve a suitable training model, two characteristics must be taken into account, on the one hand the fidelity of the model and on the other hand the simulation of the behavior (replication of functional aspects). To create models with both characteristics, a compromise between both characteristics is required.
Introduction
Traditional training methods in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) are often based on static learning content and sometimes far from real clinical practice. The MIREIA (Mixed Reality in medical Education based on Interactive Applications) project is an Alliance that aims to combine the use of cutting-edge technology in immersive virtual technology and 3D printing with personalized learning content to promote a student-centered learning process. As part of this project, the objective of this study is to analyze the state of the art of 3D printing technology for its application in MIS training.
Materials and Methods
A structured bibliographical search was conducted in the PubMed database. The applications of 3D printing were organized into two main groups: (1) as a training method in medical and surgical anatomy and (2) as a physical model for training basic surgical skills in a laparoscopic training simulator. From the studies obtained, aspects such as materials, equipment, pre- and post-processing methods, and printing techniques, were analyzed.
Results
A total of 272 articles were considered for this study, of which 95 articles were finally selected. Neurosurgery, otolaryngology and urology were the surgical specialties that have shown the greatest application of 3D printed models for training. The skull was the most popular 3D printed structure for training in neurosurgery and otolaryngology. Other common structures were the head and neck for otolaryngology and the kidneys and urinary system for urology training. The most widely used fabrication technique was Fused Deposition Modeling, followed by ColorJet Printing. Stereolithography was also used in about one in ten articles, mainly because of its higher resolution. Selective Laser Sintering was used in about one in twenty papers, due to its excellent resolution and mechanical properties of the resulting parts. Once the 3D model is obtained from the preoperative imaging study, post-processing is carried out to clean, smooth and adapt the model to the specific application. The most popular software for this purpose were Meshmixer and Materialise 3-Matic (Materialise NV). As for software for 3D printing preparation, the most popular was Ultimaker Cura (Ultimaker B.V.). Of the most commonly used 3D printers, we highlight equipment from Stratasys, 3D Systems, Ultimaker and Formlabs. Regarding the model validation methods used, most of them relied on subjective surveys and objective metrics to establish the similarity of the printed model to the actual anatomy.
Conclusions
This study revealed a variety of techniques and materials used to produce 3D models for MIS training. In general, 3D printed training models can belong to two domains, on the one hand models for anatomical learning (anatomical models), and on the other hand models for practical training (practical models). In order to achieve a suitable training model, two characteristics must be taken into account, on the one hand the fidelity of the model and on the other hand the simulation of the behavior (replication of functional aspects). To create models with both characteristics, a compromise between both characteristics is required.
Traditional training methods in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) are often based on static learning content and sometimes far from real clinical practice. The MIREIA (Mixed Reality in medical Education based on Interactive Applications) project is an Alliance that aims to combine the use of cutting-edge technology in immersive virtual technology and 3D printing with personalized learning content to promote a student-centered learning process. As part of this project, the objective of this study is to analyze the state of the art of 3D printing technology for its application in MIS training.
Materials and Methods
A structured bibliographical search was conducted in the PubMed database. The applications of 3D printing were organized into two main groups: (1) as a training method in medical and surgical anatomy and (2) as a physical model for training basic surgical skills in a laparoscopic training simulator. From the studies obtained, aspects such as materials, equipment, pre- and post-processing methods, and printing techniques, were analyzed.
Results
A total of 272 articles were considered for this study, of which 95 articles were finally selected. Neurosurgery, otolaryngology and urology were the surgical specialties that have shown the greatest application of 3D printed models for training. The skull was the most popular 3D printed structure for training in neurosurgery and otolaryngology. Other common structures were the head and neck for otolaryngology and the kidneys and urinary system for urology training. The most widely used fabrication technique was Fused Deposition Modeling, followed by ColorJet Printing. Stereolithography was also used in about one in ten articles, mainly because of its higher resolution. Selective Laser Sintering was used in about one in twenty papers, due to its excellent resolution and mechanical properties of the resulting parts. Once the 3D model is obtained from the preoperative imaging study, post-processing is carried out to clean, smooth and adapt the model to the specific application. The most popular software for this purpose were Meshmixer and Materialise 3-Matic (Materialise NV). As for software for 3D printing preparation, the most popular was Ultimaker Cura (Ultimaker B.V.). Of the most commonly used 3D printers, we highlight equipment from Stratasys, 3D Systems, Ultimaker and Formlabs. Regarding the model validation methods used, most of them relied on subjective surveys and objective metrics to establish the similarity of the printed model to the actual anatomy.
Conclusions
This study revealed a variety of techniques and materials used to produce 3D models for MIS training. In general, 3D printed training models can belong to two domains, on the one hand models for anatomical learning (anatomical models), and on the other hand models for practical training (practical models). In order to achieve a suitable training model, two characteristics must be taken into account, on the one hand the fidelity of the model and on the other hand the simulation of the behavior (replication of functional aspects). To create models with both characteristics, a compromise between both characteristics is required.
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